INVESTMENT:

Generating human capacity requires investment in education and training. Investment reflects the willingness of individuals, families, and governments to commit resources (finance, physical facilities, time, skilled labor) to provide a large segment of the population with access to education and to raise the quality of learning and knowledge transfer. Ideally, all resources (public and private) devoted to formal education should be measured. In practice, only partial estimates are available. These include the percent of the government budget allocated to education in general or primary education in particular, the share of the education budget spent on salaries, and the level of expenditure per pupil. Missing from these indicators are the amounts that individuals and families devote to support formal education (transport, school fees, books) and other expenses (tutoring, educational enrichment) to compensate for gaps or deficiencies in formal schooling.